Identifying the Best Strategies for Improving and Developing Sustainable Rain-Fed Agriculture: An Integrated SWOT-BWM-WASPAS Approach

The practice of rain-fed agriculture plays a vital role in both the economy and food security, yet it is subject to various challenges such as climate change institutional barriers. This study employs Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analyses, Best-Worst Method (BWM), Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) integrated approach identify most effective strategies for improving developing sustainable Mashhad, Iran. SWOT analysis identifies essential sub-factors agriculture. Then, BWM method utilized assign weights each sub-factor. Finally, WASPAS used rank 19 that can help achieve findings this reveal strategy establishing an framework promote (WT7) has received highest score. On other hand, related supporting policies at farm level (ST2, WO3, WT2, WT1) were placed middle final priorities. Thus, recommended current context policymakers prioritize over farm-level policies. proposes comprehensive systematic enhance